SCOTUS Settles Rio Grande Wat 05/28 07:15

   

   ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) -- The U.S. Supreme Court has approved a settlement 
package designed to rein in groundwater pumping along one of North America's 
longest rivers and ensure enough water reliably makes it from New Mexico to 
Texas, ending a long-running dispute over management of the Rio Grande.

   In a brief order Tuesday, the court accepted the recommendation of a special 
master to move forward with agreements first proposed last year by New Mexico, 
Texas and Colorado.

   The settlement calls for reducing groundwater pumping along the dwindling 
river and retiring water rights from irrigated farmland in southern New Mexico. 
The states held up the proposal as a promise to restore order to an elaborate 
system of storing and sharing water between two vast irrigation districts in 
southern New Mexico and western Texas.

   "We're very excited to be redirecting resources from costly and lengthy 
litigation to solutions on the ground," Hanna Riseley-White, director of the 
Interstate Stream Commission, said Wednesday.

   Those solutions will include everything from long-term fallowing programs 
and more efficient irrigation infrastructure to developing new sources of 
water, like tapping brackish supplies or importing water, and improving 
stormwater management so more runoff can be captured and stored.

   Researchers have warned that unsustainable use of the Rio Grande -- which 
originates in Colorado and stretches south into Mexico -- threatens water 
security for millions of people who rely on the binational river basin.

   Farmers in southern New Mexico increasingly have turned to groundwater to 
irrigate pecan orchards and chile crops as hotter, drier conditions have 
reduced river flows and storage over recent decades. That pumping is what 
prompted Texas to sue in 2013, claiming the practice was cutting into water 
deliveries.

   While the Colorado River gets all the headlines, experts say the situation 
along the Rio Grande is just as dire. Stretches of the river as far north as 
Albuquerque are expected to go dry again this year, marking the third time in 
five years.

   The settlement package provides for a detailed accounting system for sharing 
water with Texas. New Mexico could rely on credits and debits from year to year 
to navigate through drought and wet periods, though it could be responsible for 
additional water-sharing obligations if deliveries are deferred too long.

   Under the settlement, New Mexico must reduce annual groundwater depletions 
by 18,200 acre-feet, or about 5.9 billion gallons (22.3 billion liters) within 
the next 10 years. The commitment includes completing half of that within the 
next five years.

   Riseley-White said that represents about 5% to 7% of current groundwater use 
in the lower Rio Grande. The settlement doesn't dictate what sector the water 
savings comes from, so she said industry and municipalities could also partner 
with the state to meet the mandates.

   Still, officials expect to achieve most of the necessary reductions from 
buying water rights from the agricultural industry, meaning more farmland would 
be retired.

   Riseley-White said listening sessions are underway this week and the first 
acquisitions are expected to begin later this year. New Mexico has secured more 
than $40 million in federal funding to support the effort, she said.